Personal position on Inclusionary practices

The battle for comprehensive instruction has been going on since Mann’s recommendation of â€Å"common schools† in the mid nineteenth century. The ebb and flow American culture is progressively heterogeneous henceforth, the method of reasoning for inclusionary instruction practices.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Personal situation on Inclusionary rehearses explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, what is comprehensive training? Consideration alludes to a network of students, which includes an assortment of races, societies, religion, and level of students as far as various learning styles, qualities and shortcomings, physical and subjective handicaps (Miller and Katz, p. 20). Incorporation in this manner makes an agreeable learning condition that awards students an encounter of the heterogeneity in the general public. Incorporation implies teaching understudies with incapacities in the standard study halls just as blending understudies from various ethnic, strict and financial foundations under one homeroom (Hastings and Oakford, p. 87). This gives a free and fitting government funded training framework for all kids independent of their race, culture, budgetary foundation, and abilities. Subsequently, consideration guarantees accomplishment for the impeded kid. Inclusionary rehearses give a vehicle to acknowledging government and state orders, for example, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) that expect instructors to give all youngsters an equivalent chance to training. Further, placing understudies with incapacities and other constraining components in an ordinary study hall gives a chance to the less lucky youngsters to encounter their maximum capacity in a comprehensive network and thus have a feeling of having a place both in school and in the network. Comprehensive instruction practically speaking is increasingly entangled h enceforth requires certain methodologies for its prosperity. For comprehensive training to be effective, all gatherings must share the estimations of incorporation. This implies everybody engaged with the instruction framework must know about the significance of blending a wide range of understudies regardless of their race, culture, money related foundation, handicaps, etc in one study hall. This will go far towards guaranteeing that students don't understand left and oppressed. Therefore, kids will build up a feeling of having a place and will have the option to perform to their maximum capacity academically.Advertising Looking for research paper on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Children with psychological impediments may think and reason at a much more slow rate than normal youngsters. Placing them in a class with understudies who have a higher IQ causes them in that their brains are activated to work nearly as quick as their partners do. Such youngsters ought to be urged to have the option to adapt in the study hall. Henceforth, it is significant for educators and understudies to esteem these people and value their disparities (Hastings and Oakford, p. 90). As Shafik Abu-Tahir states, â€Å"Inclusion is perceiving that we are one despite the fact that we are not the same† (Dattilo, p.26) One of the significant boundaries to consideration is negative mentality. Understudies and instructors have an inclination of growing awful perspectives towards understudies who are not of their race, or on the grounds that they originate from a helpless foundation. Instructors might not have any desire to remember them for school exercises, for example, school trips and discussions. This may cause such understudies to feel undesirable and left out and in the end build up a low confidence. Therefore, such understudies may get defiant, and register helpless scholarly execution, hostile to social con duct and other raucous characteristics. Consequently, it is basic that instructors and understudies comprehend and value each other paying little heed to their various foundations. All in all, incorporation is the answer for the issues our schools face because of expanded social heterogeneity in the general public. When understudies from different foundations, incorporating those with incapacities and different impediments build up a feeling of having a place, their confidence will rise and their enthusiasm for school will be at its pinnacle. Thus, understudies will have the option to understand their maximum capacity as a result of the equivalent chances allowed to them. Works Cited Dattilo, John. Comprehensive Leisure Services: Responding to the Rights of People with Disabilities. second ed. State school: PA Venture Publishing, 2002. Print. Hastings, Richard, P. what's more, Oakford, Suzanna. Understudy Teachers’ Attitudes towards the Inclusion of Children with Special Need s. Instructive Psychology 23.1 (2003): 87-94. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom exploration paper test on Personal situation on Inclusionary rehearses explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Miller, Frederick and Katz, Judith. The Inclusion Breakthrough: Unleashing the Real Power of Diversity. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2002. Print. This exploration paper on Personal situation on Inclusionary rehearses was composed and put together by client Blaze Banks to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for exploration and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it appropriately. You can give your paper here.

Evaluate the effectiveness of Internet marketing Essay

Given that the UK has completely grasped web based business and Internet customers presently contribute more to the nation’s GDP than other nation in the G20, it is maybe obvious that it brought forth one of the world’s driving on the web retailers †ASOS (As Seen On Screen). When propelled in 2000, the site was planned for giving customers a device to purchase garments and frill that had been worn by superstars, or in any case things ‘As Seen on Screen’, however has since developed to a worldwide online style store that has more than 65,000 items that are focused at the ‘20-somethings market’. ASOS perfect client is a female, multi year old, design sweetheart: an ardent customer and communicator who are roused by VIPs and the media. ASOS intend to increase an expanded comprehension of their objective client so they can offer them the design they need, they do this by building an online relationship. ASOS perfect client would have on the web, computerized lives to guarantee the moment access to data as ASOS is web-open on any gadget they happen to utilize †portable, tablet or PC/PC. ASOS offers a wide scope of brands to target various people. ASOS sell their own name and other widely acclaimed brands, and furthermore allow people and boutiques to sell, new and pre-worn style, through their ASOS Marketplace channel. ASOS now has eight neighborhood language sites (UK, US, France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Australia, China and Russia) yet additionally gives free transportation to 234 nations altogether. Its site pulls in 29.5 million extraordinary guests a month (barring versatile) and has 14.8 million enlisted clients. With the Group’s CEO as of late guaranteeing that  £1 billion in yearly deals are immovably in the company’s sights, ASOS is genuinely an online goliath. How does ASOS utilize the Internet? ASOS utilize the Internet in a scope of various approaches to endeavor to pick up the most from the organization. As the organization is online just, their primary utilization of the Internet is through their own site. By utilizing their site they can pass on the company’s message, to illuminate existing and potential clients regarding the highlights and advantages of the company’s items as well as administrations. This empowers the clients to peruse through the items accessible and buy them online at their own comfort. As clients of ASOS become some portion of the organization by having their very own records, ASOS can utilize directâ mailing while advancing new offers, items and administrations. They can likewise utilize post office based mail to help clients when following requests put on the web. ASOS can likewise utilize the Internet to advance the organization through Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Internet searcher Marketing (SEM), which is showcasing a site online by means of web indexes, either by improving the site’s positioning through site improvement (SEO), purchasing pay-per-click (PPC) advertisements or buying pay-for-consideration (PFI) postings in site catalogs. By doing this, ASOS can utilize well known web crawlers, for example, Google and Yahoo!, to support any connections of theirs, this right away gives them an upper hand over contenders. ASOS can likewise utilize the Internet by promoting through standards and so forth. Online networking is another way ASOS can utilize the Internet. Internet based life promoting, this can include interpersonal organizations like Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook. ASOS can utilize these destinations to pick up clients and furthermore upgrade the fame of the organization. The items gave by ASOS focus on a scope of clients with a wide exhibit of high road and originator brands. These are completely advanced nearby ASOS own im age to increase an expanded acknowledgment from likely clients. What are the advantages? By utilizing the Internet, ASOS have had the option to get various key advantages. The principle key advantage for ASOS is the capacity the Internet brings to offer an assistance to a more extensive objective crowd. The comfort of the store and the every minute of every day get to empowers ASOS to get an expanded measure of clients. By being an online store they can likewise target clients around the world, which further extends their ever-developing objective crowd. Another advantage of utilizing the Internet as a business is the capacity to utilize direct showcasing, by means of Email, text and so forth. ASOS can contact clients straightforwardly through their record data and they do this to educate them regarding the most recent deals/advancements. This is a gigantic advantage for ASOS as far as supporting clients and it fabricates a client/organization relationship and expands the steadfastness of the clients. What difficulties did ASOS survive? So as to exceed expectations to get one of the world’s driving on the web retailers, ASOS have needed to conquer various difficulties. The most considerable challenge,â which significantly affected ASOS monetarily, was as a stockroom fire in 2006. The stockroom fire caused 45% of stock with a general benefit of 3.8million to be lost; this occurrence saw an incredible ruin for the organization. Tragically, the episode fell during December, which brought about the loss of thousands of Christmas presents that had likewise been paid for by clients around the world. In addition to the fact that this was a budgetary issue this ruined ASOS notoriety and brand picture because of the absence of trust and diminished dedication from their clients. In the wake of the 9/11 and the breakdown of the website blast fever, ASOS shares were falling towards one of the most noticeably terrible market crumples for an age. A moment decline in share costs also caused a test for the business. ASOS additionally confronted difficulties with the absence of help from top of the line, originator brands. To assemble the organizations notoriety, drawing in bigger design names was critical. By 2004, ASOS was selling stock from various renowned brands; this enormously expanded clients and along these lines expanded benefits and prevalence of the site. The brand picture including the re-brand of the organization from As Seen On Screen to ASOS, which was another crucial choice ASOS needed to set to suit clients expectations and necessities. By doing this they custom-made their organization to fit the ideal needs of their clients, which prevailing with regards to building the connection between the organization and the clients. After the episode of the stockroom fire, ASOS confronted budgetary battle and confronted interval installments more than a year to endeavor to return the business on target. They flourished i n doing this with a development of 116% in a year †and incomes of 42.6 million. Today, ASOS still faces difficulties with issues, for example, specialized challenges and making sure about installments on the web. How would they meet the client needs? As an exceptionally effective organization, ASOS address client issues in various different manners. The site itself intends to address client issues by focusing on their structure and design to assuage clients. The site includes a route bar, drop down menus, an assistance page and contact subtleties for clients. While including an item on the site, ASOS offer clients with a wide scope of shading and size choices, cooking for clients needs. The site likewise makes this simple for clients to locate their ideal item with the utilization of channels when perusing items. The site is likewise utilized toâ promote deals and unique proposals for clients throughout the entire year. As of late ASOS have extended their administrations by giving, ASOS VIP Premier (for just  £9.95 per year). This permits faithful clients to turn into a VIP individual from the site with additional administrations, for example, boundless 24 hour conveyance, free returns and early access to deals. This is featured to improve clients want to shop with ASOS and furthermore gives expanded advantages while turning into a VIP ASOS client. Just as the capacity to turn into an ASOS VIP Premier client, clients can join the site (for nothing out of pocket) with their very own record. This incorporates sharing individual subtleties when requesting and following items. Because of security, a few clients may consider this to be an off-putting viewpoint to requesting on the web. In any case, ASOS guarantee security acknowledgment, as a confirmed symbol, centers that ASOS is a protected site. By turning into a part, clients are consequently positioned on the immediate mailing list. This permits ASOS to stay up with the latest with extraordinary offers and furthermore help to continue clients. Just as utilizing their own site, ASOS additionally utilizes an assortment of long range interpersonal communication locales to enable their clients to feel progressively associated with the business. This additionally empowers them to be educated regarding any updates. ASOS additionally utilize well known web indexes, for example, Google and Yahoo! through supported connection; this implies when clients search ASOS, the page is naturally the primary connect to show up on screen. By utilizing supported connection this empowers ASOS to pick up acknowledgment of clients and furthermore makes it progressively helpful and simpler for clients to discover the page. To meet a more extensive client crowd, ASOS guarantee their site is available to all, with the choice of 8 distinctive language and cash determinations to suit a particular client. This addresses customer’s issues as it upgrades ASOS target crowd along these lines creating an expanded benefit for the organization. How don’t they meet the client needs? In spite of having a wide scope of advantages that do meet ASOS’ client needs; there are as yet various variables that impede accomplishment for ASOS. Basically, with ASOS being an online just business, there is no immediate assistance for clients. In spite of the fact that the site gives an email administration there is no immediate assistance accessible for clients, which implies clients can not ring the business or address a worker up close and personal. This might be an enormous burden to the ASOS, as they don't offer a specific support thatâ customers may feel is an absolute necessity. The site itself, albeit new and clean with its highly contrasting shading plan, when perusing the site clients may see the structure as exhausting and dull in contrast with an energizing and living shopping trip understanding. This may block customer’s utilization of the site a

Social Support and Physical Activity Corroborating

Running head: HEALTHY AGING IN THE ELDERLY 1 Social Support and Physical Activity Corroborating Healthy Aging and Quality of Life in the Elderly Karen Cauthen Counseling 502-B21 Liberty University Abstract Can horribleness be hindered in the older or is infection and ailment an unavoidable truth for the matured? Does social help and physical action have an influence in forestalling auxiliary maturing forms? This paper will unassumingly investigate and talk about the impacts of social connections and routine action of the older upon solid maturing and personal satisfaction. Fruitful solid maturing is affected by a sound way of life and is decidedly identified with a diminished mortality hazard and a postponement in wellbeing deterioration† (Merrill, Myklebust, Myklebust, Reynolds, and Duthie, 2008). It isn't the nonattendance of infection or incapacity that qualifies sound maturing, however reaction to the maturing procedure that characterizes personal satisfaction (Gilbert, Hag erty, and Taggert, 2012). As per Erik Erikson it is the eighth phase of improvement: trustworthiness versus espair (Erikson, Erikson, and Kivnick, 1986); the point in life where the truth of death becomes up and coming and an audit of life decides meaning (Elhman and Ligon, 2012). Social interest and a functioning way of life are acceptable at any age however for the older it is the spread over the profound dim opening of gloom and depression. Watchwords: uprightness, despair, movement, social, sound maturing, maturing process, bolster Social Support and Physical Activity Corroborating Healthy Aging and Quality of Life in the ElderlyAs we become more seasoned our bodies change, our musings are increasingly intelligent, and our fellowships progressively specific. Developing old isn't a cutout procedure. For every individual it is unique. Some stay occupied, while others quit. They bit by bit end cooperation in everyday occasions, or they take up yoga, run a long distance race even re turn to class. Effective maturing is resolved more by mental demeanor than physical capacity; how previous existence is seen and future life accomplished.It is the way change is dealt with that decides sound maturing and personal satisfaction in the matured. Developing old is a procedure gerontologist isolate in two classifications, â€Å"primary aging† and â€Å"secondary aging† (Berger, 2011). Essential maturing is characterized as the widespread changes happening with age that are not brought about by infections or ecological impacts. Optional maturing is characterized as changes including collaborations of essential maturing forms with ecological impacts and sickness forms (Masoro and Austad, 2006).According to (Berger, 2011) there are three phases of old: â€Å"young-old,† â€Å"healthy, dynamic, monetarily secure and independent;† â€Å"old-old,† albeit still free experience the ill effects of â€Å"reductions in physical or mental capacity or social support;† and last, â€Å"oldest-old,† â€Å"infirm, in danger for ailment and injury. † Not liking to utilize the word old, some gerontologist depict four phases of maturing as: â€Å"optimal aging,† â€Å"usual aging,† â€Å"impaired or neurotic aging,† and the fourth, â€Å"successful aging,† (Rowe and Kahn, 1998) â€Å"signifying broad social association and activity† (Berger, 2011).The old will in general measure utilitarian limit by â€Å"their capacity to complete, autonomously, their normal exercises, likewise called the exercises of every day living† (Brito and Pavarini, 2012). Following quite a while of autonomous living, reliance on somebody to complete ordinary regular capacities can be sincerely and socially crippling, considerably more so than the diseases that made them subordinate. â€Å"Loss, in instrumental exercises of every day living adds to more noteworthy alienation from one’s soci al environmental factors and thusly to an inclination to be disengaged in one’s residence† (Brito and Pavarini, 2012).Erik Erikson gave a top to bottom way of thinking in his last eighth phase of advancement: honesty versus despair. This is a period where the old want to join their tremendous encounters with their thoughts of mankind (Erikson, et al, 1986). While despair represents a total loss of expectation, uprightness doesn't just mean genuineness, yet additionally â€Å"a sentiment of being entire, not dissipated, alright with oneself† (Berger, 2011). However it is in Erikson’s seventh stage, generativity versus tagnation, we find that â€Å"in more seasoned grown-ups, generativity might be the absolute most significant factor in accomplishing personality trustworthiness (James and Zarrett, 2006) and decidedly impacts prosperity (Yuen, Huang, Burik, and Smith, 2008)† (Elhman and Ligon, 2012). Accordingly, as (Erikson and Erikson, 1997) put it, â€Å"indeed, elderly individuals can and need to keep up a great generative function† (p. 63), and that â€Å"vital involvement†¦is essential for remaining extremely alive (p. 63)† (Elhman and Ligon, 2012). TheoriesPeople are multi-dimensional, multi-faceted animals. To lump all of us under one rooftop would be a wrongdoing. Various speculations, through research and study, attempt to depict human conduct however nobody such examination is adequate. There are four principle hypotheses concerning the exercises and public activity of the old. Every hypothesis holds truth yet not every bit of relevant information. The primary, action hypothesis, sees â€Å"older individuals as mentally unchanged† considering â€Å"social and physical impediments liable for declining paces of social interaction† (Carstensen L.L. , 1992). Action scholars accuse age-related wellbeing and social weights for reason for change in social support and exercises (Carstensen L. L . , 1992). The second, separation hypothesis, recommend â€Å"that mature age impels a common withdrawal among society and maturing people† (Carstensen L. L. , 1992). Elaine Cumming and William Earl Henry (Cumming and Henry, 1961) propose that in anticipation of death withdrawal is showed in a separating in social relationships.As passing killjoys nearer and nearer what is significant and what isn't is increasingly important. What we do, where we do it, and whom we do it with are decisions that proceed with the possibility of autonomy. A third hypothesis proposed by Dr. Laura (Carstensen L. L. , 1992), socioemotional particular hypothesis, counters the suspicion by the other two speculations, that these adjustments in social movement are carefully late-life wonders, with the suggestion that these progressions really start prior throughout everyday life. Diminished paces of collaboration in late life are seen as the consequence of long lasting choice procedures by which indivi duals deliberately and adaptively develop their informal organizations to amplify social and passionate gains and limit social and enthusiastic risks† (Carstensen L. L. , 1992). Since so much is gotten from social communication; data, help, self-personality, determination of a mate, information on culture and history, segregate and cautious assessment of social accomplices is an absolute necessity (Carstensen L. L. , 1992).The fourth, gerotranscendence hypothesis, was created by Lars Tornstam to address a â€Å"perpetual bungle between present speculations in social gerontology and existing experimental data† (Tornstam, 2010). Gerotranscendence claims fruitful maturing results from visit pensive idea, an abatement in realism, and amazing quality of essential maturing forms (Adams and Sanders, 2010). On the side of this hypothesis a Change in Activities and Interest Index (CAII) was made to â€Å"examine exactly the apparent changes that happen in the lives of more seas oned adults† (Adams and Sanders, 2010).The CAII is a 30-thing examiner improved to analyze â€Å"self-saw change in interest in and mentalities about social and recreation side interests among more established adults† (Adams and Sanders, 2010). Because of the exploration by Drs. Kathryn Adams and Sara Sanders (Adams and Sanders, 2010) utilizing the CAII, suppliers of medicinal services to the old can all the more likely plan approaches to lift direct commitment in important, wanted exercises and social relations as they advance inside the maturing procedure. As expressed before, each of the four hypotheses hold truth, however none the entire truth.Each hypothesis portrays certain people yet forgets about others. Since we are a consistently changing species and continually developing populace more investigations are required in understanding the reasons for sound maturing and characterizing personal satisfaction. Sexual orientation Studies have indicated that in later li fe various physical advantages, just as, mental advantages are an aftereffect of cooperation in social action, â€Å"such as the advancement of satisfaction (Menec, 2003), decrease of the danger of gloom (Hong, Hasche, and Bowland, 2009), decrease of the decay of engine work (Buchman, et al. 2009), and even decreases in mortality (Lennartsson and Silverstein, 2001)† (Li, Lin, and Chen, 2011). â€Å"Research to date shows that investment in social movement applies positive and mental wellbeing impacts among the old and that the example of action interest contrasts by gender† (Li, et al, 2011). Various investigations and writing report general contrasts in the social exercises of people, however just one examination â€Å"considered sexual orientation issues and social action among the old (Arber, Perren, and Davidson, 2002).When investigating the results of sound maturing and personal satisfaction concerning social help and physical movement, sex can't be disregarded. Changes happen all through the life expectancy and sexual orientation influences social and social relations to these changes. In the development of affiliations and network contacts the particular social settings that people live in lead to divergent practices (Barer, 1994; Carstensen L. L. , 1991). Dr. Kate (Bennett K. M. 1998) did a 8-year longitudinal examination on physical action in the older. The outcomes demonstrated that ladies were bound to involve themselves with indoor exercises (e. g. , housework) and men with outside exercises (e. g. , wal

Finance analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Money examination - Essay Example As it is prominent through Figure 1, that arrival on resources just as value for ExxonMobil is a lot higher when contrasted with Shell’s, this is without a doubt because of the way that Shell’s net revenues are not even 50% of what Exxon gains. In any case, the creator additionally considers the way that 11.80 % isn't the half of 17.00 % which Exxon had the option to achieve. It is to be noticed that the figures above just concern the year finishing 2007, considering the way that Exxon Mobil outperforms Shell in each way here aside from ‘Fixed Asset Turnover’, additionally thinking about that Exxon is an on a very basic level more grounded organization than Shell the ‘fixed resource turnover’ wouldn’t be quite a bit of an obstacle. In spite of the fact that the creator might want to put in about a few significant realities here: The receivable days for Shell have diminished since the year 2005, when they were 79; however the receivable days for Exxon have expanded from 27 to 33. Which is definitely not a decent sign for the organization, however on the other hand, there exist colossal distinction between the numbers 33 †76. It appears Shell despite everything has far to go. Thus Shell has had the option to diminish their credit period from 100 days in 2005 to only 93, when contrasted with Exxon’s which was 71 out of 2005 and has expanded to 83, so Shell is very close on this one. Apparently Shell has vanquished the obligation/resource fight. Shell is formally in front of Exxon on both the examples of Liquidities, yet not by a wide margin. Particularly on the present proportion part which matters the most. Both the company’s are brilliantly keeping up their obligation to value proportions, actually, if these figures go past this, the organizations may establish another precedent and a model for different partnerships; in any event, drawing in their envy. Be that as it may, thinking about their on a very basic level sound position, this was prominent. In spite of the fact that, Exxon’s lead on Interest Coverage may end up being a factor while thinking about profits, as it forms out most extreme profits dependent on its Interest Coverage

Five Steps to Applying to Law School

Five Steps to Applying to Law School How would you get into graduate school? With extra special care. Regardless of whether you havent taken the LSAT yet, get a full comprehension of the whole procedure with this bit by bit manage for applying to graduate school. 1. Take the LSAT The initial phase in applying to graduate school is taking the LSAT. Your LSAT is essentially tied with your GPA for the most significant number for graduate schools. The test is intended to quantify aptitudes that are viewed as basic for achievement in graduate school. Scores run from 120 to 180, with 120 being the most minimal conceivable score and 180 the most noteworthy conceivable score.† The normal LSAT score is around 150. You can see the LSAT percentiles of the best 25 graduate schools in the country for reference. Make certain to get ready however much as could reasonably be expected for the testâ as its best that you just take it once. You can take it again on the off chance that you are discontent with your first score, however make certain to ask yourselfâ these five questionsâ before you retake the LSAT. For more guidance on LSAT prep, clickâ here. 2. Register With the LSDAS On the off chance that you didnt do so when pursuing the LSAT, register with the LSDAS as it will make applying to graduate schools a lot simpler. This is the fundamental framework that graduate schools use to gather all the application prerequisites from their understudies. In this way, making a record is basic to the application procedure. 3. Choose Where to Apply to Law School Applying to graduate school can get costly, so its critical to limit your rundown. You can alsoâ visit schoolsâ to discover what it resembles to be an understudy there. Peruse our broad graduate school profiles and have as a primary concern that if your score is over the 75th percentile at a given school, they are probably going to offer you some cash to go to their school. In this manner, remember your GPA and LSAT scores while you are searching for schools. It’s a smart thought to coordinate your scores to your law school.â 4. Compose Your Personal Statement LSAT scores and grades are the most significant pieces of graduate school applications, butâ personal explanations run a nearby third. Your objective in theâ personal explanation isâ to show theâ admissions committeeâ why you would be an important expansion to their graduate school, and its never too soon to begin on composing it. Don’t hope to deliver an ideal articulation on your first attempt. It is ideal to continually change, experience a few drafts, and talk with educators and counselors. 5. Get Recommendations Graduate school recommendationsâ are the last piece to your application puzzle, and with some preparing of time, you can make certain to get shining letters of proposals from your refs. Preferably, you need to ask an educator that you have an extraordinary relationship with or somebody who can truly address your character and potential. 6. Don’t Forget Financial Aid Shockingly, much in the wake of completing everything referenced above, you’re not exactly done. Be that as it may, you can’t overlook this significant advance in the application procedure - it could spare you a decent measure of money.Each graduate school on your rundown may have an alternate application for applying to monetary guide, so you have to look into the procedure of each school independently. Schools may offer awards or advance projects notwithstanding merit grants. Be that as it may, don’t simply limit your quest for money related guide to your graduate school: there are numerous outside grants you can apply for to help decline the expense of graduate school. Any sort of help assists with bringing down your potential obligation.

Love is Blinds

Love is Blinds last night, in the hallway ANGELA MONSTER: Allin and I are going to Economy Hardware tomorrow morning. ME: Oh, can I come? I need to buy blinds. ANGELA MONSTER: Sure, Ill come wake you up at 11. this morning, leaving the dorm ANGELA MONSTER: (on the phone with Economy Hardware) Hi, I bought blinds the other day at your store and theyre the wrong size.. is it okay if I come by and exchange them? Even if I dont have the receipt? Great, thanks. walking with Allin and Angela through MIT to Mass Ave VARIOUS FRAT BOYS: (thinking) I wonder if that kid is a freshman?.. walking with Allin and Angela down Mass Ave to Economy Hardware ME: (watches Angela fumble with her two sets of poorly-sized 37 blinds) at Economy Hardware ANGELA: Oh, are you buying 37? That was the kind I was returning. I couldve just given them to you. ME: Oh, haha! at the cashier WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: Thatll be $12.59. at the door of Economy Hardware ME: Do these boxes only come with one blind?? at the cashier WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: Thatll be $12.59.. again. on the way home MINDY: Hey, Jess! ME: Hey Mindy! Just bought some blinds.. walking through MIT to Burton Conner, where all the windows are differently sized VARIOUS FRAT BOYS: (thinking)those blinds are the wrong size. at Burton Conner ME: (discovers the blinds are the wrong size) walking through MIT to Mass Ave DAYAN: Hey Jess. ME: Hey, Dayan. DAYAN: Wherere you off to? ME: Just bought the wrong sized blinds. VARIOUS FRAT BOYS: (thinking) Told you. walking down Mass Ave to Economy Hardware) KITTY: Hey, Jess! ME: Hey Kitty! I just bought the wrong sized blinds.. KITTY: (thinking) Shes totally going to hit me in the head with those blinds, isnt she? ME: (thinking) I should probably quit holding these blinds like a shotgun.. at Economy Hardware ME: I bought the wrong size. WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: ME: Thats what I said. WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: Right, well, do you have your receipt? ME: Nope. WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: ME: You said it was okay earlier! WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: Hnnh. ME: I was kidding! It was a joke! I brought it.. them. Both of them. WOMAN AT THE CASHIER: Right. That was you. on the way home YING-FEI: Hey, Jess! ME: Hey, Ying-fei. YING-FEI: Whats up? ME: You know.. blinds.. walking through MIT to Mass Ave VARIOUS FRAT BOYS: (thinking) Seriously? ME: (thinking) Seriously. (thanks to Allin for installing my blinds)

Concepts of compassion fatigue (Essay) - 1375 Words

Concepts of compassion fatigue (Essay Sample) Content: [Name][Course][Institution][Professor][Date]Concepts of compassion fatigueMany workers in the helping and caring professions are witnesses to their clients or patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s trauma and troubles. Their work entails caring for other people, and many find themselves taking on the pain of those they care for. With the images of the patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s trauma and pain, continual feelings of care and empathy with disregard to personal emotional and physical needs can be detrimental. Caring for and helping out suffering and / or traumatized people may result in compassion fatigue. Witnessing life threatening illnesses, bereavement, impending death or sudden traumatic death are part of the experiences of workers in the health / caring industry. The pain patients go through is witnessed firsthand and this is always not good for workers psychology. (Showalter, 2010 pp. 239). Health workers are extremely vulnerable to emotional and physical fatigue. This paper explores the nature and causes this phenomenon. Examples of coping strategies to be used by the caregiver will be addressed.Cathy Gilmore defines compassion fatigue as "Emotional, physical, social and spiritual exhaustion that overtakes a person and causes a pervasive decline in his or her desire to, ability and energy to feel and care for others" (Gilmore, 2012). Apathy is lack of concern, feeling, interest or emotions. When the caregiver has given so much care and attention to the patient and all emotional reserves get used up, the caregiver may turn uncaring since the emotional resource has not been replenished. The psychological part of the caregiver becomes emotionless. He or she no longer finds pleasure in work and sees the work as a burden. Feelings of inadequacy, internal turmoil and lack of accomplishment take over. Concentration with work often decreases and productivity plummets. This trends usually leads to absenteeism, tardiness and may culminate in job termination due to complains from colleaguesPhysical exhaustion and tiredness is also another symptom of fatigue. Physical rest and exercise are important, and when a worker goes for long without them he is bound to face physical exhaustion. The body eventually becomes exhausted. Insomnia, irritability and fatigue set in due to physical exhaustion. Chronic physical ailments like back pains or stomach upsets that may result into sick days are also symptoms of compassion fatigue (Gilmore, 2012).A caregiver needs to have his or her emotional equilibrium and resources restored and replenished. People are ridden with expectations in life, at work and at home. These expectations and demands can overwhelm. Combined with the duty of caring for other people, ever rising productivity demands in environments with decreasing personnel, the perfect recipe for emotional exhaustion is made. Isolation, hostility towards others, excessively blaming and withdrawal from others occurs. At this moments, they over-react to even the smallest of issues, become paranoid and have difficulty working with a team. (Showalter, 2010 pp. 239).Compassion fatigue also leads to impaired judgment by the caregiver. The person may ignore the problem, look for easy answers, self-medicate or even have unrealistic expectations. (Showalter, 2010 pp. 239). These decisions are mostly an attempt to cope with the stress or to take their mind off the stress. For instance, one becomes a workaholic by working longer, over or under-eating, drinking and smoking or simply over-indulging in activities they deem suitable to reduce their stress.The feeling of sadness and hopelessness also signals compassion fatigue. Lack of self-worth, purpose, joy and feeling of inadequacy are symptoms of depression. Job expectations, coupled up with off the job activity like family life, social life among others may overwhelm the caregiver and introduce depression. The caregiver may turn uncharacteristically angry and negative (Showalter, 2010). Lack of con fidence and low self-esteem are also amplified. These symptoms if not acted on immediately are known to make victims contemplate or even act on suicidal notions.When the caregiver has given so much care and attention to the patient and all emotional reserves get used up, the caregiver may turn uncaring since the emotional resource has not been replenished. The caregiver becomes emotionless. He or she no longer finds pleasure in work and sees the work as a burden. Feelings of inadequacy, internal turmoil and lack of accomplishment take over. This is when the caregiver becomes filled with apathy or lack of concern, feelings, interest or emotions.Needs of the caregiverIt is highly probable that at one point in the discourse of their duties, caregivers will experience some sort of compassion fatigue. This is why it is important that they need to be maintained. A caretaker is supposed to find and identify their own coping mechanisms and find a balance between their physical and mental he alth. Sufficient body, mind and soul rest should be sought. Caregivers should think about their wellbeing too (Showalter, 2012). Caregivers should also be cared for so as to also feel loved. They should find time to replenish their emotional reserves, by having someone else take their place for a while. Being cared for or having some time off is refreshing and also reminds the caregiver that they also are important. They need the care and attention they so much offer their patients, in the same quantities, so as to avoid complete depletion. A caregiver should pray, meditate and engage in their spiritual practices and rituals so as to replenish themselves spiritually. The caregiver therefore has to respect, care and always put themselves first to avoid or reduce their vulnerability to compassion fatigue. They should learn to say "NO" to maintain personal / professional balance (Showalter, 2012 pp. 241). This ensures that their ability to give help and care is not eroded. Professional caregivers have to learn to live a balanced life by allowing their professional life to enhance their personal life, avoid compromising their wellbeing, and periodically conducting honest self-reflection. (Showalter 2012)A research written by Christina S Mevin examining the effect of caring for dying patients on nurses contains preferred coping methods by the employees. The list of copying methods were contributed by nurses working in an environment that renders them vulnerable to the effects of compassion fatigue. Since these coping strategies were, and are being used by the participants in the research, they, coupled with others, can be used to deal with compassion fatigueThe first method entails setting of professional boundaries by the worker in order to maintain their ability to work. It helps them preserve themselves and enables them be able to continue their work. Talking to colleagues, reflection and physical exercise, supportive partners and supervisors are also methods la uded as hig...

The Civil Rights Movement Armed Self-Defense - 789 Words

I. Introduction and Context The Civil Rights Movement during the 1950s to the 1960s was a period that significantly changed America forever. African-Americans did not have the same rights as white men, and were faced with segregation and discrimination. Under the Jim Crow Laws, blacks did not have equal access to public facilities and were treated as lower beings than whites. After many years of pain and struggle, all the while remaining silent, blacks finally decided to stand up for themselves and refuse to be compliant. Many acts of civil disobedience took place during this time, some were peaceful, while some were violent. An example of a civil disobedience from the Civil Rights Movement was Robert Williams’ protest to integrate facilities, where he uses armed self-defense, so that blacks were able to have equal access as whites. This was an effective form of protest because without the arms to protect themselves, the African-Americans wanting their voices to be heard would be suppressed by the brutality of racist white men. Civil disobedience is the act of resisting unjust laws; it is commonly, though not always, nonviolent. In his interview on Civil Disobedience, Howard Zinn explains, â€Å"Direct action means acting directly on the object of your protest or the source of your grievance†¦ another form of direct action is nonviolent (that is, avoiding violence against human beings) action† (Zinn). Zinn explains that there are different forms of civil disobedience. One couldShow MoreRelatedUnderstanding The Origins Of Black Resistance1501 Words   |  7 Pagesillustrates that armed self-defense as a form of black resistance dates back to the colonial era. Whereas historian Jacquelyn Dowd Hall has urged historians to look to Reconstruction to understand the origins of black resistance, Cobb begins even earlier with the emergence of American slavery. As a former member of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee), Cobb uses both his own experiences to highlight the complex relationship between nonviolent activism and armed self-defense at the grassrootsRead More`` This Nonviolent Stuff ll Get You Killed By Charles E Cobb Jr.2170 Words   |  9 PagesKilled: How Guns Made The Civil Rights Movement Possible. New York: Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Group. 2014 The book that I will be discussing is â€Å"This Nonviolent Stuff’ll Get You Killed†, written by Charles E Cobb Jr. Cobb wrote this book to discuss the importance of the armed self-defense movement. Cobb wrote specifically on this subject because in talking about the civil rights movement, many only discuss the nonviolent activists and their role. The armed self-defense also played a pivotalRead MorePresentation Speech : Prelude Of The Civil Rights Movement 1950s1211 Words   |  5 PagesPresentation Speech: Slide 1: Prelude to the Civil Rights Movement 1950s First, to see how we have gotten to the point of where society is at today, we need to know where we have come from. We can trace the roots of the civil rights movement back to the late 1940s and 1950s, starting with World War 2. During the war, the military was kept segregated, which kept white supremacy prominent. For example, blacks had separate drafts which limited into what branch they could serve. The Air Corps and NavyRead MoreThe Impact Of The Black Panther Party 1156 Words   |  5 PagesSmith J. Buergel Civil Rights 5/11/16 The impact of â€Å"The Black Panther Party† â€Å"We knew, as a revolutionary vanguard, repression would be the reaction of our oppressors, but we recognized that the task of the revolutionist is difficult and his life is short. We were prepared then, as we are now, to give our all in the interest of oppressed people† (Baggins). Radical and provocative, the 60’s was an era of complete political and social upheaval. Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had bannedRead MoreAt The Dark End Of The Street1496 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"At the Dark End of the Street,† is a novel that takes back to the terrifying experience Recy Taylor had in Abbeville, Alabama. Taylor was gang-raped by six white men in the 1940s. This scene immediately shows readers the civil rights movement during the 20th century and how important it was in understanding what was happening. Danielle McGuire is the author of â€Å"At the Dark End of the Street,† which was published in 2010. However, â€Å"This Nonviolent Stuff’ ll Get You Killed,† is a novel that focusesRead MoreRadio Free Dixie1505 Words   |  7 Pagesroots of the movement had been planted long before by Mr. Robert F. Williams. In Timothy Tyson’s book: Radio Free Dixie: Robert F. Williams and the Roots of Black Power, Tyson details the life of a remarkable man who had the audacity not only to challenge racial injustice in America but also to contest the rarely disputed strategies of Martin Luther King Jr. and the Civil Rights Establishment. Tyson uses Williams life to illustrate his central thesis: how both the Civil Rights Movement and BlackRead MoreThe Black Panther Party Essay1064 Words   |  5 Pagesera of complete political and social upheaval. Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 had banned the discrimination of people based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, the execution of this act were initially proven weak. Unlike other national organizations or campaigns against the U.S. government, the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense remains the only organization to take a militant stance, frequently seen campaigning armed and proudly wielding weapons. Huey P. Newton and Bobby SealeRead MoreThe Black Panthers1465 Words   |  6 PagesPanther Party for Self Defense) was a Black Nationalist organization in the United States that formed in the late 1960s and became nationally renowned. (Wikipedia:The Free Encyclopedia, 1997). The Black Panther Party was founded in 1966 by party members Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale in the city of Oakland, California. The party was established to help further the movement for African American liberation, which was growing rapidly throughout the sixties because of the civil rights movement and the workRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement vs. The Black Liberation Movement Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages On The Duty of Civil Disobedience, written by Henry David Thoreau, explains that civil disobedience is the act of standing for your beliefs even though they are against the law. Thoreau goes on to say that the government (because it is ruled by the majority) is not always right for everyone especially the individual and the minority. Over the course of American history, there have been many different groups formed for the purpose of civil disobedience. The two that I am going to focus onRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr.1096 Words   |  5 Pagesand died August 22, 1989. He was an African-American political and urban activist who, along with Bobby Seale, co-founded the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born January 15, 1929 and died April 4, 1968. He was an African-American clergyman, activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. There have been several questions about the methods and strategies of each of these pr otesters. Some questioned whether or not MLK worked for the government

Life Of Christ Dr. E. Oakley, Israel, Jews And Jesus Christ

Brian Gusciora GBNT 620 Life of Christ Dr. E. Oakley Israel, Jews and Jesus Christ Jews lived in Israel at the time of Christ. They probably did not feel very safe. Once their country had been very powerful. David and Solomon had been their kings. That was 1000 years ago. Now they were not powerful. The people had done wrong things. They had not obeyed God. God had spoken to Abraham and Moses. He had given them a Covenant (made a special agreement with them). But the people did not obey God s rules. God punished them. He made them leave their country. He had told them that he would do this. In 586 BC, enemies burned down the *Temple of Solomon. This *temple was one of the most wonderful buildings in the world. The enemies took†¦show more content†¦Some Jews began to serve false Greek gods. After Alexander s death, his Generals (important officers) fought against each other. Each one wanted to rule parts of his lands. Some of these battles were in Israel. Then one General spoilt the Temple, which the Jews had rebuilt. This Gene ral did some evil things in the Temple. He killed people who would not serve his false Greek gods. So, some Jews became very angry. The Maccabees were a family. They wanted the Jews to serve the true God only. And they opposed the false Greek gods. The Maccabees encouraged the Jews to fight their enemies. The Maccabees ruled Israel for a short time. The Jews began to argue with each other. Then the Romans came and ruled Israel. They were very strict. The Jews wanted to be free. But the Roman Empire became very strong. The Romans ruled many countries. Their power was very great. It seemed impossible for the Jews to be free. At the time of the birth of Jesus, the Romans had made Herod to be king over Israel. Herod was not a Jew. He was a foreigner. Although he was a Jew by religion, he did not obey the laws of the Jews. He was a strong and cruel man. He became king by a plot. He wanted to control the Jews. So he built the Temple again. He made it much bigger. His workmen began to buil d the Temple in 20 BC. They continued until about AD 64. Herod s Temple was a very beautiful building. But what happened in the Temple was not

Comparing the Characters of Beowulf and Achilles - 1291 Words

Comparing and Contrasting Beowulf and Achilles Both Beowulf and Achilles are poetic characters, who hail from different eras of history and different cultural backgrounds. While each is unique in his own way, the two heroes also share similar characteristics. This paper will compare and contrast the medieval Germanic hero Beowulf with the classical Greek hero Achilles (of Homers Iliad), and show how the two are similar and how the two are different. The first way in which both characters are similar is in the fact that they both travel from great distances to take part in a battle against some evil. In the medieval Germanic epic, Beowulf leaves his people the Geats of Scandinavia to help Hrothgar, the king of the Danish people, to kill Grendel, a monster who attacks the kings hall and devours the kings men. Beowulf slays Grendel but then must challenge Grendels mother in order to restore Hrothgars kingdom to safety. Likewise, Achilles joins the other Greeks and travels to Troy to do battle against Paris, Hector and the other Tro jans for having abducted Helen, the wife of Menelaus. Achilles performs many heroic deeds on the battleground and adds renown to his name among the Greeks. Both Beowulf and Achilles are also incredibly strong. Their powers seem, in fact, extraordinary and superhuman. For example, Beowulf has powerful lungs and is able to hold his breath for impossible lengths of time while underwater. He can swim great distances and hold his own in handShow MoreRelatedAchilles vs Beowulf compare and contrast Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Compare and contrast Achilles vs Beowulf The way of the warriors Achilles and Beowulf were two characters that had an amazing power that made his name lives for hundreds of years. Great warriors need some to have some specific characteristics to reach their fame because we have seem in some heroes that they have gods strong, a unique way to be and goals to achieve. Comparing the character of Achilles and Beowulf who were two of the best warrior of the history we could know if there areRead MoreRevenge In Beowulf And Iliad1605 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Beowulf and Iliad. In Beowulf, it seen through numerous characters. Revenge is a unique emotion in which is can be very motivating to accomplish a certain task, to serve for justice. In Iliad, Achilles using the feeling of Revenge to complete his journey. Comparing the two stories, vengeances is shown in both, and both stories have a unique way of related the events of the story to the events and the culture and society at the time the stories were written. Revenge in Beowulf: In Beowulf revengeRead MoreA Critical Appraisal of: Beowulf and Gilgamesh Essay examples1640 Words   |  7 PagesA Critical Appraisal of: Beowulf and Gilgamesh There are many differences and critical comparisons that can be drawn between the epics of Beowulf and Gilgamesh. Both are historical poems which shape their respected culture and both have major social, cultural, and political impacts on the development of western civilization literature and writing. Before any analysis is made, it is vital that some kind of a foundation be established so that a further, in-depth exploration of the complex natureRead MoreHero Archetypes and Epic Conventions in the Odyssey and Beowulf3110 Words   |  13 PagesHero Archetypes and Epic Conventions in The Odyssey and Beowulf It is remarkable how closely one can compare two epics that have such diverse and unique historical and cultural backgrounds. A Greek poet named Homer wrote The Odyssey sometime from BC 1400-900 during the Mycenaean Period. The epic preceding The Odyssey, called The Iliad, revolves around Achilles, the hero of the commonly known Trojan Wars. The Odyssey is a continuation of The Iliad and deals with Odysseus, another hero of the Trojan

Impact Of Technology On Learning And Teaching - 841 Words

Research Question: President Obama remarked in his 2014 State of the Union Address, â€Å"It is not enough to train today’s workforce; we also have to prepare tomorrow’s workforce, by guaranteeing every child access to a world-class education (B. Obama, speech, January 28, 2014). This can only be done by preparing students to compete in the 21st century, and giving students the 21st century skills needed to compete in a global world. With that in mind, technology is going to be the driving force behind gain those skills. With this in mind, the focus of the research should focus on the following questions; what impact does a one to one technology initiative have on learning and teaching? What training and professional development must be required for teachers, students, and administrators to ensure that it fulfills the learning objectives of a school? These questions center primarily on understanding the impact that technology can have on learning, and particularly how a one to one tec hnology initiative can shape that learning. The purpose of this question is to better understand what instructional practice best equip a one to one technology program, and how to maximize the effect of this program to have the greatest impact on teaching and learning within the district. The ensuing question focuses on guaranteeing that there is a clear understanding of the resources and training that will be necessary to properly and execute a one to one technology programs within all of ourShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Technology On Teaching And Learning858 Words   |  4 Pagescomputers-in-schools initiative developed for a Midwestern urban school district. The researchers build on the concept that technology has an important role in today’s society, and that students should be exposed to technology in order to â€Å"foster learning and prepare [them] for a global economy†. Storz Hoffman were looking to analyze the effects of technology on teaching and learning, from the â€Å"perspectives of the teachers and students themselves†. Prior to rolling out the one-to-one computer initiativeRead MoreTechnology Education And Its Impact On Teaching And Learning791 Words   |  4 Pagesstrong argument encouraging others to pay attention to technology in schools and its impact on teaching and learning. She stated that her ideas about technology have changed over the years to now becoming a â€Å"cautious critic.† She argues passionately that technology will not solve our educational systems issues, cautions against the capitalistic consumerism of purchasing products, the pros and cons of computer use, and whether or not technology provides better support in the classroom rather thanRead MoreThe Concept Of E Learning Inclusion Into An Education Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesThe Concept of e-learning inclusion into an education begins with the teacher and the manner in which they teach. A simple explanation of the view is that the teacher is the final authority and source of knowledge.The problem for many tea chers is transition of teaching in manner than accommodate the use of technology. Mining how they have previously been teaching with the use of technology which gives birth to e-learning. In e-learning, Technology is simply a mean that teachers may use in differentRead MoreTechnology Has Changed Our Society Essay1425 Words   |  6 PagesRATIONALE The predominance of technology has significantly influenced our society. Technology is being used all over the place, anywhere and is instant. When we say technology, it can mean a lot of things. But according to the New Zealand Ministry of Education, â€Å"technology is the use of practical and intellectual resources to develop products and systems (technological outcomes) that expand human possibilities by addressing needs and realising opportunities.† Technology is currently more complex andRead MoreTeaching And Learning Of The 21st Century1098 Words   |  5 Pages Teaching and learning in the 21st century Introduction Things are changing in this modern society at an epidemic rate. The world is starting to become much more interconnected and technology is constantly changing the world. We now live in an increasingly different, globalized, and complicated media saturated culture. So this Technological overthrow will have a greater change in education. Our students are facing many difficulties like increased population, climate changeRead MoreImpact of Technology on Education1146 Words   |  5 Pages------------------------------------------------- Positive Impact of Technology on Education Technology plays a very important role in the field of education, especially in this 21st century. In fact, computer technology has become easier for teachers to transfer knowledge and for students to obtain it. The use of technology has made the process of teaching and learning more convenient. Talking in a positive sense, the impact of technology on education has been extraordinary. Using Internet and computersRead MoreIntegrating Wireless Laptop Into the Classroom Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesteachers facilitate and observe their students. The focus must convey on understanding the vast amenities that technology presents and how it impacts the world (Kelley Kellam, 2009). Teachers can use wireless technology resources that support rich and multimedia models (Couros, 2010). Teachers can also use wireless computing to activate students thinking skills by providing meaningful learning experiences through explorations and discoveries. Wireless computing provides an access to immense knowledgeRead More21st Century Classrooms Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pageseducation today there is the view to link educational strategies, programs, initiatives, or technology to student achievement. There are many groups and organizations that are advocating for increased technology literacy. Generally in all aspects of our society, technology has revolutionized and in many ways simplified while enhancing our way of life. It is no surprise that the public expects that technology should have a similar effect on education. Over the past 20 years there have been so many advancementsRead MoreLong Term Effects Of Impact On Classroom Instruction1065 Words   |  5 PagesLong-Term Effects of IMPACT on Classroom Instruction Problem Statement Meeting the needs of faculty with professional development that fits their needs and abilities is not an easy task. Faculty-centered professional development had been shown to be more productive (Polly Hannafin, 2010). Faculty centered learning helps instructors take ownership of what they learn and apply more in their classrooms (Polly Hannafin, 2010). Personalized professional development for instructors has been shownRead MoreSocial Change And The 21st Century Classroom1464 Words   |  6 PagesWhile 21st Century learning and teaching is always changing, it is as dynamic as the world around us. There are many factors including globalisation, social change and technology, which are driving changes in education, with a variety of positive and negative impacts on teaching and learning in the 21st Century. With ongoing changes in teaching practices, which in turn changes the attitudes of today’s teachers and learners. A 21st century classroom is a productive environment wher e the teachers are

Leadership Equality, Justice, Truth, and Freedom Free Essays

Leadership: Equality, Justice, Truth, and Freedom| Busi 472- Organizational Ethics || Katherine Carpenter| 10/3/2011| Abstract | In this paper the reader will read about leadership. The basis for this paper is from a quote by Clarence Walton, â€Å"Leadership, an ill-defined word, comes from understanding and respecting four crucial ideas: equality, justice, truth, and freedom,† (Hosmer, 2011). This paper will illustrate the importance of the four ideas to leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership: Equality, Justice, Truth, and Freedom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Leadership is defined as â€Å"the position or function of a leader, a person who guides or directs a group,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). How does a person become a leader and what should that person’s values be to be a good leader? Clarence Walton said it best, he said â€Å"Leadership, an ill-defined word, comes from understanding and respecting four crucial ideas: equality, justice, truth, and freedom,† (Hosmer, 2011). The ideas stated by Clarence Walton are all important in building a talented leader. In this paper each of the four ideas will be expanded on. There have been many leaders in the past and the present who have been great leaders because they understood and respected the crucial ideas of being a leader. Equality in Leadership Equality is defined as â€Å"the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). Equality should be followed by a leader, because they will lose or never earn respect if they do not treat each person equally. Even when women were first allowed to work with the men they were not treated equally. Some women were only given jobs that others felt that a woman could handle and the women that did have the same job title as a man were paid significantly less than the man. A great leader is one that will look at the work that the person has done rather than judge them on their sex or color. â€Å"Discrimination of any kind undermines the strength of our communities,† (Association of Flight Attendants, 2011). I think that this is a very true statement, because if one or several are not treated equally then the help and support of those is lost making the whole weaker. Justice in Leadership Justice is defined as â€Å"the quality of being just; righteousness, equitableness, or moral rightness,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). Justice is an important quality for a leader to possess. If a leader was not just then his authority would be unfair, and people will not want to work for someone who is unfair. If a leader is not just then people will not hold the position long. Blaise Pascal who was a French philosopher said, â€Å"Justice and power must be brought together, so that whatever is just may be powerful, and whatever is powerful may be just,† (BookRags, 2001). There are many interpretations of the Goddess of Justice but the main ideas of her are that she is blindfolded balancing a scale and wielding a sword, (Dean, 1999). This shows that being just in leadership takes a lot of hard work and dedication to overcome any obstacles. If being a leader was easy then everyone would do it. Truth in Leadership Truth is defined as â€Å"the true or actual state of a matter,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). Truth is a very cut and dry topic. If it did not happen or something is just a little bit off then it is not the truth. A great leader will not lie or fabricate truth in order to gain respect or to try and get to a particular outcome. I have had leaders that have lied to me or only given me partial truth; I lost all respect for them and did not know when I could actually believe them. One of the biggest problem is when a leader tells one lie they will have to tell another to cover up the first lie. Telling just one lie is not possible and it makes people not trust a leader who have lied to them. A leader who wants to be a good leader or wants to gain the respect of others should always strive to tell the truth. Freedom in Leadership Freedom is defined as â€Å"the state of being free or at liberty rather than in confinement or under physical restraint,† (Dictionary. com, 2011). In this country we have many freedoms granted to us. All of our freedoms are written in the constitution. If we did not have those freedoms the only people that held jobs would be white males. There have been leaders in the past that have helped to give all people the freedom to be able to have jobs. Harriet Tubman was leader in her time helping to free slaves, she believed in the freedom of others. After Harriet Tubman helped free slaves in the Underground Railroad she pursued women’s rights, (Women in History, 2011). Conclusion In this paper the effort was put into trying to show that great leaders will have certain qualities. There have been great leaders in the past that have helped to define what great leadership is. â€Å"Leadership, an ill-defined word, comes from understanding and respecting four crucial ideas: equality, justice, truth, and freedom,† (Hosmer, 2011) is the definition that we can use for leadership. If we look upon the great leaders of the past and the four crucial ideas stated in this paper then incorporate that into ourselves we to can become great leaders. Being a great leader also takes a great deal of work so that others will respect and look up to the leader. References Association of Flight Attendants. (2011). Association of Flight Attendants. Retrieved October 3, 2011, from AFA: The Leader of Equality: http://unitedafa. org/news/details. aspx? id=6233 BookRags. (2001). Brainy Quote. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from Blaise Pascal Quotes: http://www. brainyquote. om/quotes/authors/b/blaise_pascal_3. html Dean, M. A. (1999). Images of the Goddess of Justice. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from http://mdean. tripod. com/justice. html Dictionary. com. (2011). Dictionary. Retrieved October 2, 2011, from dictionary. com: http://dictionary. reference. com/ Hosmer, L. (2011). The Ethics of Management, A multidisciplinary Approach (Vol. Seventh Edition). New York, New York: McGraw-Hill . Women in History. Harriet Tubman biography. Last Updated: 10/3/2011. Lakewood Public Library. Date accessed 10/3/2011. http://www. lkwdpl. org/wihohio/tubm-har. htm How to cite Leadership: Equality, Justice, Truth, and Freedom, Essay examples

Anton Chekhov The Beggar Commentary Essay Example For Students

Anton Chekhov The Beggar Commentary Essay Anton Chekhovs short story The Beggar is set in nineteenth century St. Petersburg. In this story, he presents a moral tale in which a cunning beggar named Lushkov succeeds in life by using his wit cleverly and taking advantage of others in society. Like his other short stories, The Beggar is written in the third person. Whilst descriptions are minimal, they are pithy and his characters personality and feelings are shown through their actions and dialogue. Through dialogue, the beggar is shown to be cunning but lazy. His benefactor, Skvortsov, is shown to be charitable but gullible. In the beginning, he recognises the beggars lying when he says Look here, it seems to me I met you the day before yesterday in Sadovaya Street. Cleverly, the beggar admits to his lying. Sir! he said, laying his hand on his heart, the fact is I was lying!'. Although Skvortsov thinks he is clever in catching the beggar out, ultimately the beggar wins as he manipulates not only Skvortsov but also his cook. Chekhov employs the third person narrative style very effectively. As the omniscient narrator, Chekhov is able to tell his readers what the beggar is really like while keeping the benefactor, Skvortsov, in the dark. Readers learn that Lushkov does not contribute to removing the furniture. He hardly touched the furniture, and walked behind the wagons hanging his head, not even making a pretence of appearing busy. Similarly, Skvortsov and the readers only learn at the end of the story, about his manipulation in getting the cook to chop the wood. This is a very clever device used by Chekhov to enable the readers to understand the true nature of his characters. In many short stories, the writer asks readers to align with a central character. In Chekhovs short story however, readers have two choices, to sympathise with the beggar who describes himself as a poor, hungry man! or with Skvortsov who thinks of himself as Lushovs godfather.You see, you are my godson, in a sense. Chekhov skilfully manipulates the readers because ultimately they know that the beggar is simply lying and cunning while Skvortsov is kind but duped. Lushkov inveigles his way to his sympathy and tells other people what they want to hear, gaining sympathy from those he comes in contact with. Chekhovs use of description is efficient. Rather than using long descriptions, he chooses his words carefully to emphasise what he wants readers to think of his characters. For example, throughout the story, the beggar is described as mendicant, waif, tatterdemalion scarecrow. These words are a concise image of the beggar. In the beginning, Chekhov describes his coat as ragged, fawn coloured overcoat, then a tattered, fancy overcoat and finally, as the beggar moves up the social hierarchy, a coat collar of curly fur.  Chekhov successfully employs dialogue in his stories to enable the characters to speak for themselves rather than the reader making a judgement. He uses first person narrative to allow readers to reveal the true personality of the character. Chekhov skilfully writes his short stories giving readers entertainment, a story, as well as a moral with a concise choice of words and by using dialogue.

Othello; Appearence vs Reality free essay sample

Othello Appearance vs. Reality Uploaded by firealive (20) on Oct 30, 2004 William Shakespeare focuses a lot of his play, Othello, on the theme of appearance versus reality. Othello, along with other characters in the play, depend on only their eyes and with that they jump to major conclusions. There are many instances in the book where there is hidden confusion, meaning the character believes on only what his or her eyes tell him, hence, Looks can be very deceiving. One of the first instances where the theme appearance versus reality appears, is when Othello sees Cassio walking away very quickly after conversing with Desdemona, Othello’s wife. The basis around which he is suspicious comes from Iago, a very jealous man. Iago has presented to Othello, in a sneaky way, that Desdemona and Cassio are having an affair. Iago whispers to Othello, â€Å"†¦I cannot think it, that he would steal away so guilty like. We will write a custom essay sample on Othello; Appearence vs Reality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (lll,iii,42) Othello then replies, â€Å"†¦I do believe ‘twas he. † (lll,iii,44) But, when in reality, Cassio and Desdemona are talking about how to get Cassio’s job back. Desdemona says to Cassio, I know’t. I thank you. You do love my lord; You have known him long; and be you well assured He shall in strangeness stand no farther off Than in politic distance. (lll,iii,11) Othello believes only what his eyes tell him. Now, Othello questions how Cassio and Desdemona are talking, but does not have a good enough motive to get angry at Desdemona nor does he ask her about Cassio. But, this instance is only the beginning of the lies that he sees from afar. A second instance in the book where appearance versus reality presents itself s when Iago places Othello where he can see but cannot hear. Iago then starts a conversation with Cassio about Bianca. Since this is later in the book, Iago has been able to give Othello a purpose for being mad at Desdemona. From afar, it looks like Cassio is talking in a sexual way about Desdemona. She was here even now. She haunts me in Every place. I was the other day talking on the Sea-bank with certain Venetians, and t hither comes, The bauble. (By this hand, she falls) thus about my Neck! (llll,i,150) In reality, Iago places Cassio in a position to talk about how great Bianca is so great. Othello sees this from afar and says in shock, â€Å"Crying, ‘O dear Cassio,’ as it were, his gesture imports it. † (lll,i,155) Othello now believes everything and has evidence of his eyes, which for him is all the evidence he needs. Now, since Othello trusts Iago, he believes everything Iago says to him and trusts his opinions, even though they are in reality, lies. Iago supports everything Othello has been lead to believe. This marks the begging of the period of Othello’s craziness. One of the last instances where the theme appearance versus reality appears is when Lodovico, the Duke’s messenger, comes into the book. Lodovico comes to deliver a message for Othello to return to Venice for Othello has done this job of defeating the Turks. Othello reads, â€Å" ‘This fail you not to do, as you will. ’† (llll,i,250) As Othello is reading the letter, Desdemona tells Lodovico about what has been going on since they reached Cyprus. Desdemona say, â€Å"Cousin, there’s fall’n between him and my lord. An unkind breach, but you shall make all well. (llll,i,255) Othello hears what she is saying because he is standing right there. So, obviously Desdemona did not intend for this to be a secret. He the threatens Desdemona by asking, â€Å"Are you wise? † (lll,i,257) He does not approve of Desdemona telling Lodovico these thing. Othello, now in a huge outrage, slaps Desdemona and storms out. Lodovico witnesses the entire episod e. He is very surprised that an honest, strong hearted man, who had so much passion for Desdemona could do such a thing. He says to Iago, Is this the noble Moor, whom our fill senate Call all in all sufficient? Is this the nature Whom passion could not shake, whose solid virtue The shot of accident nor dart of chance Could neither graze nor pierce? (llll,i,297) Iago then states, behind Othello’s back, how much Othello has changed. He does because he is so carried away with his plan to destroy Cassio, he starts blaming Othello. It seems to Lodovico, that Othello has changed a lot since coming to Cyprus because hitting your wife is an imaginable crime. But what Lodovico doesn’t know is Othello thinks, because of what Iago has brainwashed into his head. Lodovico is one character who relies on only his eyes, and seeing this once incident rules out to be that Othello is a danger to the people around him. This event marks the last appearance versus reality situation. After this, the truth starts to come out. Appearance versus reality is a major theme in this book. Not only are looks deceiving, but looks alone, only cause trouble, trouble that is sometimes unfixable. People today, just like those in the Shakespearean period, jump to conclusions just by seeing. It is important to get all the facts before something tragic happens just like in Othello. Seeing isn’t always believing.

Bill Gates Bib

Bill Gates Bib Bill Gates is one of the most influential people in the world. He is cofounder of the most recognized brands in the computer industry with nearly every desk top computer using at least one software program from Microsoft. According to Forbes magazine Gates is the wealthiest man in the world and has been in the number 1 position for at least seven years.Gates was born and grew up in Seattle, Washington USA. His father, William H. Gates II was a Seattle attorney and his mother, Mary Maxwell Gates was a school teacher and chairperson of the United Way charity. Gates and his two sisters had a comfortable upbringing, with Gates able to attend the exclusive secondary "Lakeside School".Bill Gates started studying at Harvard University in 1973 where he met up with Paul Allen. Gates and Allen gates worked on a version of the programming language BASIC, that was the basis for the MITS Altair (the first microcomputer available).English: Melinda Gates in World Economic Forum (Cr...He did not go on to graduate from Harvard University as he left in his junior year to start what was to become the largest computer software company in the world, Microsoft Corporation.Bill Gates and the Microsoft Corporation"To enable people and businesses throughout the world to realize their full potential." Microsoft Mission StatementAfter dropping out of Harvard Bill Gates and his partner Paul Allen set about revolutionizing the computer industry. Gates believed there should be a computer on every office desk and in every home.In 1975 the company Micro-soft was formed, an abbreviation of microcomputer software. It soon became simply "Microsoft"Â ® and went on to completely change the way people use computers.Microsoft helped to make the computer easier to use with its developed and purchased software, and made it a commercial success. The success of...

How to Conjugate the French Verb Montrer (to Show)

How to Conjugate the French Verb Montrer (to Show) Montrer,  (to show, display, produce, exhibit)  is a  regular French  -er  verb, which means it belongs to the largest group of verbs in the French language. They share conjugation patterns in all tenses and moods. Montrer Is a Regular -er Verb To use à ©tudier,  begin by removing the  -er  ending from the infinitive. This reveals the stem of the verb. Then to conjugate the verb, add the endings (shown in the table below) to the stem. Note that the table lists only simple conjugations. Compound conjugations, which consist of a form of the auxiliary verb  avoir  and the past participle montrà ©, are not included. Generally speaking, the five largest categories of verbs in French are: regular  -er, -ir  and  -re; stem-changing; and irregular. Once you  learn the rules of conjugation for each kind of regular verb, you should have no problem actually  conjugating  them. The largest category of French verbs is by far regular  -er  verbs. Montrer: Uses and Expressions Montrez-moi votre billet. Show me your ticket.Picasso montrait son chef dÅ“uvre Paris. Picasso exhibited his masterpiece in Paris.Jai montrà © Marie au docteur.  (familiar)  Ã‚  I had the doctor take a look at Marie.montrer le poing quelquun to shake ones fist at someonemontrer patte blanche to produce ones credentialsmontrer ses cartes to show ones handIl a montrà © la richesse extraordinaire de sa famille. He flaunted his familys extraordinary wealth.montrer la sortie to point out the exità §a montre bien que... it just goes to show that...se montrer [pronominal] to appear (in public)Je ne peux pas me montrer dans cet à ©tat  ! I cant let people see me like this.se montrer son avantage to show oneself in a good lightElle adore se montrer. She loves to be seen (in public).se montrer  dun  grand  Ãƒ ©goà ¯sme to display great selfishness Common French Regular -er Verbs   aimer  Ã‚  to like, to lovearriver  Ã‚  to arrive, to happenchanter  Ã‚  to singchercher  Ã‚  to look forcommencer  Ã‚  to begindanser  Ã‚  to dancedemander  Ã‚  to ask fordà ©penser  Ã‚  to spend (money)dà ©tester  Ã‚  to hatedonner  Ã‚  to giveà ©couter  Ã‚  to listen toà ©tudier  Ã‚  to studyfermer  Ã‚  to closegoà »ter  Ã‚  to tastejouer  Ã‚  to playlaver  Ã‚  to washmanger  Ã‚  to eatnager  Ã‚  to swimparler  Ã‚  to talk, to speakpasser  Ã‚  to pass, spend (time)penser  Ã‚  to thinkporter  Ã‚  to wear, to carryregarder  Ã‚  to watch, to look atrà ªver  Ã‚  to dreamsembler  Ã‚  to seemskier  Ã‚  to skitravailler  Ã‚  to worktrouver  Ã‚  to findvisiter  Ã‚  to visit (a place)voler  Ã‚  to fly, to steal Simple Conjugations of the Regular French Verb Montrer Present Future Imperfect Present participle je montre montrerai montrais montrant tu montres montreras montrais il montre montrera montrait nous montrons montrerons montrions vous montrez montrerez montriez ils montrent montreront montraient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle montr Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive je montre montrerais montrai montrasse tu montres montrerais montras montrasses il montre montrerait montra montrt nous montrions montrerions montrmes montrassions vous montriez montreriez montrtes montrassiez ils montrent montreraient montrrent montrassent Imperative tu montre nous montrons vous montrez

Daoism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Daoism - Essay Example becoming an Immortal.† (Reninger). When Jing, Qi and Chen are cultivated, the individual can achieve a healthy state of mind and body. The three energies, the reproductive energy known as Jing, life energy known as Qi and spiritual energy, Chen are essential for maintaining health and this practice helps in transmutation of these energies. The loss of bodily fluids can result in the loss of Jing, vital force in the human body. In the Daoist Spiritual Practice of "Inner-Alchemy, an individual is helped to free himself from desires. This freedom from desires will result in preventing the loss of Jing through the bodily fluids. Jing is cultivated by practices which teach the person to control his physical desires and avert the discharge of bodily fluids. Qi can be cultivated by keeping one’s mind pure; the mind is trained to focus on the goal the person wants to achieve through the practice of Inner-Alchemy. Chen, the spiritual energy is cultivated by union of the body and mind. In this practice, one form of energy is transmuted into another and this process is reversed again to maintain the balance of yin and yang in one’s body. The three energies are utilized to maintain the balance of life. â€Å"The goal is to preserve, restore and transmute the energies within into their natural state that existed at conception, to their primordial state of Tao that existed before awareness of the world dissipated them.† (Fowler). The ultimate purpose of this practice is to extend longevity of human life and attain immortality. This practice aims at aiding an individual in the achievement of spiritual, physical and mental health. When a person succeeds in achieving these aims, his/her life can be free of health disorders, leading to a long and healthy life. The balance of yin and yang which is essential for preserving the human body and mental

Data Collection Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Data Collection - Assignment Example Besides, using the questionnaire method is the most common form of data collection, wherein individuals are encouraged to convey their point of views based on a structured questionnaire (Fowler, 2009; Polit & Beck, 2008). The most effective method that would work for the present scenario of nursing is the questionnaire method. Accordingly, the questionnaire needs to be developed with close- ended questions, where the answer will be specific rather than being vague. Moreover, for the respondents as well, it becomes very comfortable to provide feedbacks through the questionnaire, further ensuring proper interpretation of the data gathered (Fowler, 2009; Polit & Beck, 2008). The sample size should be a minimum of 50 in order to avail a better result from the survey. However, it is desirable to consider a sample size of around 200 to gain a perfect and a firm outcome from the survey. It is also advisable that the sample should be of a random mixture. This should include patients from a variety of genres, based on ages, genders and diseases, in order to obtain an unbiased outcome from the survey. Expectedly, this will help the survey outcome to be highly reliable and with valid standards (Fowler, 2009; Polit & Beck,

The McDonaldization of Society

The McDonaldization of Society According to Ritzer, the Mcdonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience. Critically discuss. The McDonaldization of society was originally published in 1993 and has since been revised and republished several times. In this text Ritzer argues that a process of McDonaldization has taken place in which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world (Ritzer, 2004, pg 1). This process has revolutionized the principles of business and transformed our experiences of production and consumption.   Ritzers concept is based on the work of Weber and his theory of rationalization (Weber, 1964). Weber argues that modernity is characterised by instrumental reason, with an increased emphasis on efficiency, control and the use of technology. This was initiated by a decline in traditional authority and the influence of charismatic leaders. The authority of rationality is based on rules and the application of science, logic and reason.   These rules are carried out by bureaucratic structures in wh ich groups of peoples are organised into hierarchies, each having individual responsibilities. They must follow the rules and regulations set by those who occupy a higher level in the hierarchy (Ritzer, 2004). Ritzer uses his McDonaldization model to demonstrate this rationalization process. The bureaucratic characteristics of the fast food restaurant include a complex division of labour in which food is prepared elsewhere and delivered frozen. A crew of labourers then perform a specific role repeatedly, such as cooking food and serving customers. For Ritzer, the fast food restaurant has come to represent the growth of rationalization in the twentieth century and its increasing influence on everyday human interaction and personal identities. Ritzer identifies four aspects of McDonaldization, one of which is predictability and relates most closely with this essay title. This aspect of McDonaldization implies that all products and services are standardized, that is they are identical at any time and in any place (Aldridge, 2003). To standardize means it is free from any irregularities, all the products are made to conform to one another. Shlosser (2001) refers to this characteristic as uniformity (pg. 5). This is the key to the success of any business franchise he argues. Customers are drawn to familiar brands by an instinct to avoid the unknown. A brand offers a feeling of reassurance when its products are always and everywhere the same (Schlosser, 2001, pg 5). Both Schlosser and Ritzer argue that the success of the fast food industry, through the production and consumption of standardized products, have encouraged other types of industry to adopt these methods of business.   This has meant that identical copies of vari ous stores are now spread across the world, leaving smaller businesses unable to compete (Schlosser, 2001 and Ritzer, 2004). For example, Subway now has 27,000 outlets in 85 countries and Starbucks opens an average of 6 new coffee shops per day (Ritzer, 2004). Standardization has made its roads in areas like education, healthcare, shopping, leisure and sport. It is worth concluding my introduction by outlining the other three characteristics of Ritzers McDonaldization theory. Then I will proceed to discuss the question of whether the McDonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience. The first dimension is efficiency the optimum method for getting from one point to another (Ritzer, 2004, pg 13). By following predetermined steps, businesses can function efficiently as every stage is carried out quickly and easily. This idea of efficiency is promoted by businesses as beneficial to consumers, but in reality serves their business interests as customers are increasingly providing their own labour while paying additional charges for the privilege. Ritzer offers many examples, such as salad bars, ATM machines and drive throughs.   A few years ago, the fast food chain McDonalds came up with the slogan We do it all for you. In reality, at McDonalds, we do it all for them. We stand in line, take the food to the table, dispose of the waste, and stack our trays. As labour costs rise and technology develops, the consumer often does more and more of the work (Ide and Cordell cited in Ritzer, 2004, pg 61).   The second aspect is calculability, Ritzer argues that McDonaldization involves calculating, quantifying. Quality tends to become a surrogate for quality (Ritzer, 2004, pg 66). Mcdonaldized products and services are quantified, tasks are done within a certain time and products are a specific size, numerical standards are applied to almost everything. The size of a Big Mac never changes (Aldridge, 2003). Microwaves in the home mean that meals can now be prepared in minutes, saving time for other activities. News broadcasts are condensed into minute snippets of information so we are not bogged down with detail and useless information. Ritzer argues that although an emphasis on calculability means that we can pay very little for large sizes, the quality of these goods are becoming ever more substandard. The final dimension of the McDonaldization paradigm is control. This involves the use of nonhuman technology to remove the uncertainties caused by human agency and to ensure that both employees and customers are pliant participants in the McDonaldizing process (Ritzer, 2004, pg 132).   Employees are not required to think for themselves or apply human logic to their work. They must follow instructions, push buttons on tills and scan barcodes. The skill and potential of human actors has become insignificant in a McDonaldizing world. Our everyday interactions are now based on the use of machines. Ritzers critique of these four dimensions is discussed in his chapter on the irrationality of rationality where he acknowledges the benefits of the McDonaldization of society, such as increased variety, the availability of 24 hour shopping and increased speed of service.   But despite the obvious benefits he argues that rationalization produces unreasonable systems in which human reason is und ermined. His arguments mirror those of Marx and his discussion of alienation (1844). Ritzers analysis of McDonaldiztion can be extended to many fields of consumption which have become increasingly standardized. For example, many argue that higher education has become McDonaldized. Previously, academics who teach in higher education were able to control their methods of teaching and dictate the nature of its content. This diversity in teaching styles and approaches has been reduced to a homogenized, product orientated system in which the student is now thought of as a customer. The quality of education is now highly controlled and regulated, teaching and research is bureaucratic and rationalized to serve economic interests.   Evidence of this can be found in the emphasis on skills and employability placed on students as well as the use of postgraduate students and other low wage teaching assistants to lead classes. Higher education institutions are forced to compete with one another for funding and rank positions for the quality of teaching and research. Students op inions are now recorded by way of course evaluations which amount to surveys on customer satisfaction (Poynter, 2002).   Lecturers and tutors are often required to develop and update new skills in technology in their teaching, this includes the use of power point and blackboard. Students also use technology in their studies in order to prepare them for their careers and the world of business. Although there is no national curriculum in place for higher education, this may change in the future and a national standard may be put in place (Hartley, 1993). This mass production of education is likely to cause a decline in its quality. Ritzer argues that we have seen the ultimate step in the dehumanization of education, the elimination of a human teacher and of human interaction between teacher and student (Ritzer, 2004, pg 155). It is interesting that Ritzer suggests not only that university education has become McDonaldized, but that   the subject of sociology has too.   He discus ses the McDonaldization of sociology textbooks and sociological theory or standardized theory (Ritzer, 1998, pg 37) but does not consider his own contribution to this phenomenon in writing the McDonaldization thesis. Many argue that his books have made social theory more palatable for students (Smart, 2006). There are many other examples of standardized consumer experiences. Ritzer identifies fie aspects of this standardization or predictability. Each can be related to specific areas of consumption. Hotel chains are   a perfect example of predictable settings the growth of these chains has changed the way we experience hotel stays, while previously they were very diverse and owned by individuals who ran them in different ways and offered varying services and amenities. Now customers know what to expect from well known chains as each establishment is identical to the next (Ritzer, 2004,). The existence of individually run guesthouses and bed and breakfast is not a thing of the past as Ritzer seems to imply. These types of hotels are still hugely popular by consumers who wish for a more traditional, less standardized experience. The use of scripted interaction has created a more routinized experience for the consumer, we encounter this form of pseudo-interaction on almost a daily basis in fast food restaurants and   supermarkets as well as other places. Many supermarkets require their staff to follow a number of compulsory steps when serving customers, such as great the customer, offer to pack, promote certain products, say goodbye etc.   Ritzer argues that consumers are subjected to inauthentic, insincere, treatment. I would argue however that although workers are required to ask certain questions, it is not as scripted as Ritzer claims, many businesses encourage their staff to engage in natural conversation with them. Ritzer highlights that employee behaviour has become set to a specific standard. Workers must dress and act in a certain way. Detailed employee manuals are often distributed containing the dos and donts of the job. Disney is a   good illustration of this, Bryman (2004) discusses the emotional labour of employees working in Disney theme parks in which they must act as characters when delivering service, they are required to present the idea that they are taking part in the fun and not simply working. They internalise the culture of Disney by using a specific vocabulary and adopting a Disneyized persona in their work. The standardized nature of products, as well as the processes involved in their production, is another aspect of Ritzers predictability theory. In McDonalds, the food is easy to prepare and pre-cut to look identical to one another. The methods of preparation are the same in every restaurant, as is the packaging in which it is served. Ritzer argues that simple menus ensure predictability and uncomfortable seating (which is often in short supply) ensures that customers eat and leave quickly. It is important to note however, that McDonalds restaurant has changed in recent times, the menu has grown and now includes more healthy options and alternatives to the classic items like hamburgers and milkshakes. The decor and seating have also changed and is now much more vibrant, creating a dining experience in which customers are not forced to leave quickly but relax and take their time. This is something Ritzer may have to factor into the next edition of his book. He also argues that regional and ethnic distinctions are disappearing from American cooking (Ritzer, 2004, pg 99). The predictability of food in a McDonaldized society means that the food consumed in one city, is the same as any other. The standardized nature of the food served in fast food restaurants means that we can purchase the very same product in most parts of the world he argues. This can be disputed in that there are always cultural variations in the food served in different countries, such as the meat used and sauces supplied the restaurant. Religious and cultural beliefs have an impact on the type of food on offer.   The menus are certainly not as standardized and uniform as Ritzer claims. Turner (2006) identifies this as a major criticism of Ritzer and argues that the extent and uniformity of McDonalds is not an illustration of cultural standardization (pg 82). He goes on to cite ethnographic studies which prove that McDonaldization is not a straight forward process. Standardized consumer experiences also involve keenness by businesses to minimize danger and unpleasantness (pg 102). Again, Disney theme parks are   a useful illustration   of this as they are extremely controlled environments free from crime and disorder. Shopping malls are another good example as they protect the shopper from the dangers of the outside world and provide a relaxed, upbeat environment. Ritzer discusses and documents an extensive number of areas of consumption which are characteristically rationalized and standardized. At this point, the argument that McDonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience is quite convincing. However, many writers have criticised Ritzers McDonaldization thesis and I would like now to outline a few of the critiques that have been put forward, some have already been mentioned. I will then summarise and conclude the essay. Kellner (1999) points out firstly that Ritzer manages to cover a diverse number of areas simply because his thesis is so broad as to conceptually grasp and interpret a wealth of data (pg. 186). Kellner argues that Ritzers theory relies too heavily on Webers work on rationalization. This generates a one-sided and limited optic that needs to be expanded by further critical perspectives (pg. 187). Ritzers methods of research are also quite limiting and can be described simply as journalistic, he uses every day, observable illustrations which are easy to relate to and discuss. Therefore he is heavily reliant on media articles to exemplify his arguments. Absent from his theory is a consideration of the subjective aspects of McDonaldization and the role of human agents. How do we as individuals view the McDonaldization process and how does it serve our interests? There seems to be too much focus on production, with a disregard for the diverse experiences and practices of consumption. Kell ner suggests that cultural studies be included in the McDonaldiztion thesis. The McDonalds experience today for example, has arguably entered the post-modern realm, where McDonalds advertising has come to represent a quasi- mythical, hyper real world of Americana, family fun and good times (Kellner, 1999, pg 191). Kellner proposes that a multiperspective approach would be more valuable and the incorporation of the work of theorists such as Marx and Baudrillard would be useful. ONeill (1999) is also extremely critical of Ritzer and questions whether McDonaldization is a sufficient theory to explain the changes to our experiences of consumption in recent times. He describes Ritzers books as theory burgers   only suitable for the lay population (ONeill, 1999, pg 53).he concludes his chapter with the statement only you can stop teaching/reading Ritzer! (pg. 55). To conclude, Ritzer has claimed that the fast food restaurant has standardized everything related to the production and consumption of goods. From the shape and size of fries to the scripting of human interaction. This revolutionary system is indicative of changes in other areas of social life today, and   marks the beginning of future changes to come. Ritzer convincingly backs up his claims with an analysis of other phenomena such as education and leisure. By utilizing Webers classic work on rationalization and the iron cage of bureaucracy (1964) Ritzer applies and extends it to present day experiences of production and consumption. It is probably reasonable to say that the McDonaldization of society has standardized the consumer experience. But with his overly pessimistic analysis, Ritzer fails to offer any insight into the deeper social and cultural reasons and ramifications for this process. His theory is overly descriptive and presents a simplistic view of contemporary consume r culture. What is needed is, as Kellner argues, a theory which offers more than a one dimensional perspective and takes into account the subjective experiences and symbolic value of our practices. Bibliography Aldridge, A (2003) Consumption. Cambridge: Polity Press. Bryman, A (2004) The Disneyization of society. London: Sage. Hartley, D (1995) The McDonaldization of higher education: Food for thought? Oxford review of education. Vol. 21. Pp. 409-423. Published by Taylor and Francis Ltd. Kellner, D (1999) Theorizing/resisting McDonaldization: A multiperspective approach. In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Marx, K (1844) The economic and philosophical manuscripts. New York: International publishers. ONeill, J (1999) Have you had your theory today? In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Poynter, G (2002) Modules and markets: education and work in the information age in Hayes, D and Wynyard, R [eds] The McDonaldization of higher education. USA: Greenwood press. Ritzer, G (1998) The Mcdonaldization of American sociology: A metasociological analysis. In Ritzer, G [ed] The McDonaldization thesis. London: Sage. Ritzer, G (2004) The McDonaldization of society: Revised new century edition. USA: Sage publications. Schlosser, E (2001) Fast food nation. London: Penguin. Smart, B (1999) Resisting McDonaldization: Theory, process and critique. In Smart, B [ed] Resisting McDonaldization. London: Sage. Taylor, S and Lyon, P (1995) Paradigm lost: the rise and fall of McDonaldization International journal of contemporary hospitality management. Vol. 7 No. 2/3.pp. 64-68. MCB University Press. Turner, B. S (2006) McDonaldization: the major criticisms in Ritzer [ed] McDonaldization: the reader. California: Pine forge press. Weber, M (1964) The theory of economic and social organizations. New York: The free press.